1.
Projected
aids:
Projected
aids are those that require audiovisual equipment in order to be
presented properly.
•
LCD PROJECTOR, OVER HEAD PROJECTOR, SLIDE PROJECTOR, FILM CLIPS etc.
The advantages for using projected visuals
Ø Easy to create and use
Ø Not projected for you and your
students: It helps you on track
Ø Supports inclusion of multimedia
Ø Supports interactivity: it’s easy
to go to any slide in the presentation
LIMITATIONS
Ø Just
words: Many
students are visual learners, so they may not learn if there are
not any visuals.
Ø Too much on one slide: Limit the number of words on
each slide up to 36 words.
Ø Too
many “bells and whistles”: Irrelevant
sounds can be distracting.
2.NON
PROJECTED AIDS
•
Non
projected aids use the teacher for learners of all ages.
•
These
include charts, posters, tabular charts, different types of graphs, cartoons
etc.
•
No
need to use equipments
for observation so non- projected visuals are easy to use.
1.
Display broads
- BULLETIN BOARD, FLANNEL BROAD, INTERACTIVEBOARD
2. Graphic
aids – CARTOONS,
CHARTS, DIAGRAMS etc.
The
advantages for using Non- projected Aids
* Readily available * Inexpensive * Easy
to use * No equipment required
* Available
for all levels of instruction * Available for all disciplines*
Simplification
of complex ideas
LIMITATIONS
Ø Durability: It is easy to damage with regular
learner use it.
Ø May
be too small for group viewing: non-projected
visuals are not suitable for use for group because they are small.
Finally,
Non-projected media
and
materials is this time is very useful into the rural area which is not
been reach into the advancement of our technology and it is very important
indeed only seldom uses the projected media and materials. On the other hand, projected media and material very
often uses by rich and advance in technology countries it’s important to
them. In short, both these two materials are useful for both learners
and teachers indeed.
1.
Over Head Projector (OHP:
• An overhead projector is a variant of slide projector that is used to display
images to an audience.
• It works on the same principle as a
35mm slide projector,
in which a focusing lens projects light from an illuminated slide onto a projection screen where a real image is formed.
Use in education
ü The overhead projector facilitates
an easy low-cost interactive environment for educators.
ü Teaching materials can be pre-printed
on plastic sheets, upon which the educator can directly write using a
non-permanent, washable color marking pen.
ü This saves time, since the transparency can be
pre-printed and used repetitively, rather than having materials written
manually before each class.
ü The overhead is typically placed at
a comfortable writing height for the educator and allows the educator to face
the class, facilitating better communication between the students and
teacher.
ü When the transparency sheet is full
of written or drawn material, it can simply be replaced with a new, fresh sheet
with more pre-printed material, again saving class time
ü Following the class period, the
transparencies are easily restored to their original unused state by washing
off with soap and water
Decline in
use
- Overhead projectors
were once a common fixture in most classrooms and business conference rooms, but today are
slowly being replaced by document cameras, dedicated computer
projection systems and interactive whiteboards.
- Such systems allow the
presenter to project video directly from a computer file, typically
produced using software such as Microsoft PowerPoint and LibreOffice.
- Such presentations can
also include animations, interactive components, or even video clips,
with ease of paging between slides. The relatively expensive printing or
photocopying of color transparencies is eliminated.
- The primary reason for
this gradual replacement is the deeply ingrained use of computing
technology in modern society and the inability of overheads to
easily support the features that modern users demand.
- While an overhead can display
static images fairly well, it performs poorly at displaying moving images.
• The standards of users have also
increased, so that a dim, fuzzy overhead projection that is too bright in the
center and too dim around the edges is no longer acceptable.
2. LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
v
LCD
Projector is the most advanced and sophisticated projecting aid.
It is used to project a topic in the class room or in front of large
audiences.
v
In
the area of educational technology, we can replace all other projected
and non projected aids with only a single LCD projector and a computer
system.
v
We
can demonstrate the real world situations and its stimulations in the
classroom in a theatre like
atmosphere. We can present a topic or subject matter but using
computer made slides, graphics, pictures, video clips, movie and special
effects.
v
They
consume much less power than LED and gas-display displays because they
work on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting it.
v
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display
or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the
light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.
v
Liquid
crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.
v
LCDs
are used in a wide range of applications
including computer monitors, televisions, instrument panels,
aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage.
v
Small
LCD screens are common in portable consumer devices such as digital cameras,
watches, calculators and mobile telephones, including smart phones.
v
LCD
screens are also used on consumer electronics products such as DVD players, video game devices
and clocks.
v
LCD
screens have replaced heavy, bulky cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in nearly all applications.
NON
PROJECTED AIDS: 3.
Bulletin Board
“A board on the wall of a classroom, office, etc.,
where things (such as written notices or pictures) are put so that they
can be seen by many people”
- A bulletin board (pin board or notice board) is a surface
intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise
items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information.
- Bulletin boards are
often made of a material such as cork to facilitate addition and
removal of messages, as well as a writing surface such as blackboard or whiteboard.
- A bulletin board which
combines a pin board and writing surface is known as a combination
bulletin board.
- Bulletin boards are particularly
prevalent at universities. They are used by many sports groups and
extracurricular groups and anything from local shops to official
notices.
- Internet forums are a replacement
for traditional bulletin boards. Online bulletin boards are sometimes
referred to as message boards.
- The terms bulletin
board, message board and even Internet forum are interchangeable, although
often one bulletin board or message board can contain a number of
Internet forums.
- The magnetic bulletin boards are a popular
substitute for cork boards because they lack the problem of board
deterioration from the insertion and removal of pins over time.
- A bulletin board system
(BBS) is a
computer or an application dedicated to the sharing or exchange of
messages or other files on a network.
- Most BBSes are devoted
to a particular subject, although some are more general in
nature.
- A significant number of
BBS sites offer "adult-oriented" chat and images that can
be downloaded.
4. Flannel Board
- Flannel broad (also called
flannel graph or flannel gram)
is a story telling system that uses a broad covered with flannel
fabric, usually resting on an easel.
- It is very similar
to fuzzy felt, although its primary use is as a story telling medium
rather than as a toy.
- A flannel broad is
usually painted to depict a background scene appropriate to the story
being told.
- Paper cutouts of characters &
objects in the story are then placed on the broad and moved around as a
story unfolds.
- Flannel graphs are also
inexpensive yet provide a more vivid alternative to storytelling
without visual illustration.
- Flannel boards are also
used for “acting out” songs and poems.
- Flannel graph has been
(and continuous to be) a popular medium for telling Bible stories
to young Sunday school students in Christian churches.
- Teachers often use
flannel boards to enhance storytelling. The board is also a useful tool
for teaching spelling and simple mathematics
- A flannel board is a
more interactive way to teach child about colors, shapes, numbers and
letters than simply pointing to these items and saying what they are.
- A flannel board is a very useful
addition to any preschool or kindergarten classroom. Often used during
circle time, flannel boards are a great way to give young children concrete
learning experiences.
The advantages of Flannel Broad:
ü
The
Flannel board is simple and light to carry.
ü
Can
be used to teach student of all ages and of all level of languages.
ü
They
can be used over and over again for a wide variety of activities.
ü
Can
easily switch the pieces from activity to activity.
ü
A
great way to get students attention.
ü
The
flannel pieces are easy to adhere.
ü
A
tool to help keep children focused on what is being taught
The disadvantages of Flannel Broad:
- Time and cost of making
material is a problem.
- To tell a complete
story it often takes either too much board space.
- Smaller designs and materials
some of which cannot be easily seen.
- Space is usually limited.
- Requires considerable ingenuity
and imagination to construct effective varied materials.
- Materials must be attractively
prepared.
5. Interactive whiteboard (IWB)
• An interactive whiteboard (IWB) is a large interactive display in the form factor of a whiteboard.
• They are used in a variety of settings,
including classrooms at all levels of education,
in corporate board rooms and work groups, in training rooms
for professional sports coaching, in broadcasting studios, and
others.
• The first interactive whiteboards
were designed and manufactured for use in the office. This board was used
in small group meetings and round-tables.
• An interactive whiteboard (IWB) device can
either be a standalone computer or a large, functioning touchpad for computers to use.
• A device driver is
usually installed on the attached computer so that the interactive
whiteboard can act as a Human Input
Device (HID), like a mouse.
• The computer's video output is connected to a
digital projector so
that images may be projected on the interactive whiteboard surface.
• The computer's video output is
connected to a digital projector so
that images may be projected on the interactive whiteboard surface.
• After this, the pointer or other
device may be used to activate programs, buttons and menus from the
whiteboard itself, just as one would ordinarily do with a mouse.
• If text input is required, user can invoke an on-screen
keyboard or, if the whiteboard software provides for this, utilize handwriting
recognition. This makes it unnecessary to go to the computer keyboard to
enter text.
• Thus, an IWB emulates both a mouse and a keyboard. The
user can conduct a presentation or a class almost exclusively from the
whiteboard
Uses of IMB
ü Running software that is loaded onto the connected PC, such as a web browsers or
other software used in the classroom.
ü Capturing and saving notes written
on a whiteboard to the connected PC.
ü Controlling the PC from the white
board using click and drag, markup which annotates a program or presentation.
ü Using an Audience Response System so that presenters can poll a
classroom audience or conduct quizzes, capturing feedback onto the whiteboard
